The lost of Old Kurdish -d in Kurmanci

[Johny Bravo]

[Johny Bravo]

This "d" in the verbs in the past times does define the past time, this "d" is contained in every verb in Farsi in the past time. Example:

mî-bar-e = it raines, bar-îd = it rained (Farsi)
but kurdish: barî = it rained < here is the "î" a relict of "îd"

example for zazaki:
berm-ad-en = to crie in Parthian (language of the middle iranian periode)
but in zazaki: berm-a-en (bermayen) < here is the "a" relict of parthian "ad"

in zazaki "rained" were = vara < this "a" is relict of parthian "ad"

another example of "ad" in parthian: pursaden < to ask (parthian), pehlevi (middle persian): pursîden
kurdish pirsîn, farsi: porsîden, zazaki: persaen (persayen)

another example for kurdish:
farsi: ters-îd-en = to have fear
kurdish tirs-î-n < here you can also see the lost of past time marker "d "

verbs where the "d" is not lost in zaza and kurdish, example:
kurmanci: di-xwaz-e < he wants, xwes-t < wanted (of pehlevi: xwast-)
general kurdish: di-kuj-e < he kills, kuş-t < killed

zazaki: waz-en-o < he wants, waş-t < wanted (of parthian: wxaşt-)
zazaki: kiş-eno- < he kills, kiş-t < killed

this "d / îd / ad / t" is similiar to english "d / ed" in the past time, or german "t" .

you can see the logic at hawrami:

me-ker-o = he does, ker-d < did

kurdish and zazaki shorted here the verbstem "ker" /"kir" in presense to one loud "k"
kurdish: di-k-e, zazaki: k-en-o

as farsi: mî-xor-em = i eat, xor-d-em = i ate
but kurdish again one loud: di-xw-im, xwar-d-im

or hawrami: me-wer-o = he eats, wer-d = ate
but zazaki again one loud: w-en-o = he eats, werd = ate

[Diri]

"To bring" is "Anîn" in Kurmancî and "Hênan" in Soranî... Not "Birin" and "Birdin" which mean "To take"...

[Johny Bravo]

yes, i mean to take sorry, my english is not good.